Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Determination of Crystal Structures

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

X-ray pulse stretching after diffraction.

Journal of applied crystallography·2020

Same author

Possibility of X-ray pulse compression using an asymmetric or inclined double-crystal monochromator.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2013

Same author

X-ray collimation by crystals with precise parabolic holes based on diffractive-refractive optics.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2011

Same author

Diffractive-refractive optics: (+,-,-,+) X-ray crystal monochromator with harmonics separation.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2011

Same author

Diffractive-refractive optics: X-ray collimator.

The Review of scientific instruments·2008

Same author

Ray-tracing analysis of diffractive-refractive X-ray optics.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2004

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Diffractive-refractive optics: X-ray splitter.

Jaromír Hrdý¹

¹Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Praha 8, Czech Republic. hrdy@fzu.cz

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

|December 24, 2009

Summary

This study explores splitting X-ray beams using diffraction-refraction effects with specially shaped crystals. This method offers a novel way to separate beams for applications in long beamlines.

Area of Science:

Physics
Crystallography
Optics

Background:

Thin X-ray beams, such as those from undulators, require novel splitting techniques.
Diffraction-refraction effects offer a potential mechanism for beam manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the feasibility of splitting X-ray beams using asymmetric diffraction from roof-shaped crystal surfaces.
To analyze the beam separation achievable with a proposed two-crystal device.

Main Methods:

Utilizing diffraction-refraction effects from asymmetrically cut crystals with roof-like surfaces.
Employing a two-channel-cut crystal setup in a dispersive configuration.
Calculating beam separation at a distance of 10 meters for varying crystal angles.

More Related Videos

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Published on: September 22, 2017

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Published on: September 22, 2017

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Main Results:

Demonstrated successful splitting of an X-ray beam through combined diffraction and refraction.
Calculated beam separation distances based on crystal asymmetry and inclination angles.
Identified the potential for this method in long beamline applications.

Conclusions:

The proposed method effectively splits X-ray beams using diffraction-refraction.
The technique is suitable for applications requiring beam separation over long distances.
Further analysis of advantages and disadvantages is warranted.