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A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

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Kinematical profiling of the front crawl start.

J Vantorre¹, L Seifert, R J Fernandes

¹Faculty of Sport Sciences, CETAPS UPRES EA 3832, MONT SAINT AIGNAN, France.

International Journal of Sports Medicine

|December 24, 2009

Summary

Elite swimmers

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Biomechanics
Swimming Performance

Background:

The start is a critical phase in sprint swimming.
Understanding start dynamics can optimize race performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify key start phases influencing 15-m time in elite front crawl sprinters.
To analyze commonalities and variations in start techniques among these athletes.

Main Methods:

Kinematic analysis of 15 elite sprinters performing grab starts.
Measurement of start phases: block, flight, entry, glide, leg kicking, and swimming.
Analysis of stroking parameters and arm coordination (IdC) from 10-20m.

Main Results:

Aerial, entry, and underwater phase durations correlated significantly with 15-m start time.

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Arm coordination (IdC) increased, while stroke length and velocity decreased during the swimming phase (p<0.05).

Four distinct clusters of swimmers achieved fast 15-m start times, indicating varied effective strategies.

Conclusions:

Elite sprint start performance is influenced by the timing of aerial, entry, and underwater phases.
Individual variability in motor solutions for the start is significant.
Effective sprint starts can be achieved through diverse strategies, including leg kicking, mixed kicking/swimming, and varied glide durations.