Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: recent advances in paediatric pharmacotherapy
Diane E May1, Christopher J Kratochvil
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5581, USA.
Drugs
|December 25, 2009
Summary
This review examines novel long-acting medications for pediatric attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including stimulants and non-stimulants. It assesses their efficacy and safety, highlighting new options for ADHD pharmacotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Neuroscience
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacotherapy has seen significant advancements.
- Novel long-acting treatments are crucial for managing pediatric ADHD effectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the efficacy and safety of recently FDA-approved long-acting pharmacological treatments for pediatric ADHD.
- To discuss novel stimulant preparations, a non-stimulant, and an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist.
Main Methods:
- Review of five novel long-acting pharmacological treatments for pediatric ADHD.
- Inclusion of dexmethylphenidate XR, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, methylphenidate TDS, atomoxetine, and guanfacine XR.
- Analysis of efficacy, safety, dosing, and duration of benefit for each treatment.
Main Results:
- Dexmethylphenidate XR, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, and methylphenidate TDS offer extended symptom control (10-13 hours) with varied release mechanisms.
- Atomoxetine, a non-stimulant, shows benefits within weeks but generally has a lesser therapeutic effect than stimulants.
- Guanfacine XR provides 8-14 hours of symptom benefit, with potential for longer duration at higher doses.
Conclusions:
- Novel long-acting medications offer improved and extended symptom management for pediatric ADHD.
- The development of treatments like atomoxetine and guanfacine expands therapeutic options.
- Continued research is necessary to address subgroups of patients who may not respond to existing treatments.
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