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Whole Genome Sequencing of Candida glabrata for Detection of Markers of Antifungal Drug Resistance
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Projecting global occurrence of Cryptococcus gattii.

Deborah J Springer1, Vishnu Chaturvedi

  • 1New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|December 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryptococcus gattii, a fungal pathogen, is increasingly recognized globally in humans and animals. Further research is needed to determine its full environmental distribution and role in cryptococcosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Environmental Microbiology

Background:

  • Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans are fungal pathogens responsible for cryptococcosis.
  • C. gattii has recently been identified as a distinct pathogen affecting both humans and animals.
  • Understanding the global distribution and ecological niche of C. gattii is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the global distribution of Cryptococcus gattii.
  • To identify potential ecological niches and environmental factors influencing C. gattii occurrence.
  • To highlight differences in cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii versus C. neoformans.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and analysis of 400 publications from 1948 to 2008.
  • Examination of reported cases and environmental isolations of C. gattii.
  • Literature review on diagnostic methods and ecological associations.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests C. gattii has a wider global distribution than previously thought, with autochthonous reports from tropical and temperate regions.
  • An ongoing outbreak in western Canada indicates a potential range expansion of the pathogen.
  • C. gattii has been isolated from over 50 tree species, particularly in decayed hollows, suggesting a specific ecologic niche.

Conclusions:

  • The global distribution of C. gattii may be underestimated due to limitations in diagnostic reagents and patchy environmental surveys.
  • C. gattii is an emerging pathogen with a significant presence in diverse geographic regions.
  • Further research is essential to accurately determine the environmental occurrence and clinical significance of C. gattii.