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Parallel-plate fluid flow systems for bone cell stimulation.

Carmen Huesa1, Miep H Helfrich, Richard M Aspden

  • 1Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.

Journal of Biomechanics
|December 25, 2009
PubMed
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Osteocytes sense mechanical forces via fluid flow in bone canaliculi. This study developed a new system to isolate the effects of fluid flow and pressure on osteoblast responses, specifically beta-catenin nuclear translocation.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Bone cells, or osteocytes, are thought to sense mechanical stimuli through fluid flow in microscopic bone channels (canaliculi).
  • Previous in vitro studies often combined fluid flow and high pressure, making it difficult to determine the individual effects of each.
  • Recent research suggests pressure alone may influence cellular behavior, challenging prior assumptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel fluid flow system for bone mechanosensing research.
  • To differentiate the cellular effects of fluid flow from hydrostatic pressure.
  • To investigate the role of fluid flow and pressure on osteoblast response, specifically beta-catenin translocation.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a new fluid flow device capable of maintaining controlled flow rates while significantly reducing chamber pressure.

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  • Utilized real-time microscopy for observing cellular responses.
  • Conducted experiments on osteoblasts to assess beta-catenin translocation under varying flow and pressure conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • The new system successfully separated the effects of fluid flow and pressure.
    • Osteoblasts exhibited changes in beta-catenin translocation in response to fluid flow.
    • The influence of pressure, independent of flow, on beta-catenin translocation was also observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed system allows for the independent investigation of fluid flow and pressure in bone mechanosensing.
    • Both fluid flow and pressure play roles in osteoblast mechanotransduction.
    • Understanding these distinct mechanical cues is crucial for elucidating bone's response to its environment.