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Pediatric hospitalizations associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Argentina

Romina Libster1, Jimena Bugna, Silvina Coviello

  • 1Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires.

The New England Journal of Medicine
|December 25, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) caused significantly higher hospitalization and death rates in children compared to seasonal flu. Infants under one year old faced the highest mortality risk from this novel H1N1 strain.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus impacted the Northern Hemisphere.
  • Southern Hemisphere data offers insights into pediatric disease burden during influenza seasons.
  • Understanding H1N1's impact on children is crucial for public health preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the burden of disease in children due to the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus.
  • To compare pediatric hospitalization and mortality rates of pandemic H1N1 with seasonal influenza.
  • To identify risk factors and outcomes for children infected with pandemic H1N1.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of children hospitalized with confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza.
  • Inclusion criteria: acute lower respiratory tract infection or fever.
  • Comparison with age-matched children hospitalized with seasonal influenza in prior years.

Main Results:

  • 251 children hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza between May-July 2009.
  • Hospitalization rates were double those of seasonal influenza in 2008.
  • 19% admitted to ICU, 17% required mechanical ventilation, 5% died.
  • Overall pediatric death rate was 1.1/100,000, 10x higher than seasonal influenza.
  • Infants under 1 year had a death rate of 7.6/100,000.

Conclusions:

  • Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza posed a significantly higher mortality risk to children than seasonal influenza.
  • Pediatric death rates were approximately 10 times higher for pandemic H1N1.
  • Infants under one year were particularly vulnerable to severe outcomes and death.
Abstract

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