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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes
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Published on: July 26, 2019

Optimizing allocation for a delayed influenza vaccination campaign.

Jan Medlock1, Lauren Ancel Meyers, Alison Galvani

  • 1Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University and The University of Texas at Austin.

Plos Currents
|March 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimal vaccine allocation during outbreaks depends on distribution timing. Targeting high-risk groups first minimizes deaths, while vaccinating ages 5-44 minimizes hospitalizations, considering staggered vaccine availability.

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Published on: June 25, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Infectious disease outbreaks necessitate efficient resource allocation, particularly for vaccines.
  • Staggered vaccine distribution, as seen in the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, complicates optimal public health strategies.
  • Limited initial vaccine supplies require careful planning for maximum impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal vaccine allocation strategies during infectious disease outbreaks with staggered supply.
  • To compare strategies for minimizing influenza-related deaths versus hospitalizations.
  • To provide policy recommendations for vaccine distribution during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Development and parametrization of a mathematical model using 2009 H1N1 pandemic data.
  • Simulation of vaccine allocation strategies considering different age groups and high-risk populations.
  • Optimization of vaccine distribution schedules relative to epidemic progression and vaccine availability.

Main Results:

  • Minimizing influenza-related deaths requires prioritizing high-risk individuals, then school-aged children (5-17), and young adults (18-44).
  • Minimizing hospitalizations is best achieved by targeting ages 5-44 throughout the campaign, with minimal vaccine for high-risk groups.
  • Optimizing vaccine allocation at each release time independently does not yield the overall best strategy.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal vaccine allocation is dynamic and depends on the interplay between epidemic spread and vaccine availability schedules.
  • Considering the entire epidemic duration for optimization is crucial for effective vaccine strategies.
  • The developed optimization framework is applicable to future outbreaks with phased vaccine rollouts.