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Related Concept Videos

Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling
05:47

Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling

Published on: February 12, 2019

Lung function and airway diseases.

Scott T Weiss

    Nature Genetics
    |December 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Genome-wide association studies identified six new genetic loci linked to lung function variations in healthy individuals. These findings offer insights into respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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    Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

    Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling
    05:47

    Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling

    Published on: February 12, 2019

    Determining Ciliary Function and Membrane Impermeability of the Pseudostratified Lung Airway Epithelium
    07:40

    Determining Ciliary Function and Membrane Impermeability of the Pseudostratified Lung Airway Epithelium

    Published on: February 21, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Genetics and Respiratory Medicine

    Background:

    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are crucial for understanding the genetic basis of complex traits.
    • Lung function, a key indicator of respiratory health, is influenced by numerous genetic factors.

    Discussion:

    • Two independent studies utilized GWAS on spirometric measurements from healthy populations.
    • Six novel genetic loci were identified, significantly associated with natural variation in lung function.

    Key Insights:

    • Discovery of six new genetic loci associated with lung function.
    • These loci represent potential targets for understanding and treating airway diseases.

    Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the functional mechanisms of these newly identified loci.
    • Findings may contribute to improved diagnostics and therapeutic strategies for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).