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Electronic Diaries: Appraisal and Current Status.

Joan E Broderick1

  • 1Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York.

Pharmaceutical Medicine
|December 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are evolving with technology, moving from paper questionnaires to ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Choosing the right method, whether paper or electronic, depends on study needs and investigator familiarity with their respective strengths and weaknesses.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Informatics
  • Psychometrics
  • Clinical Research Methods

Background:

  • Traditional paper-and-pencil patient reported outcomes (PROs) are being replaced by advanced methods.
  • Retrospective symptom ratings can be distorted by cognitive biases, necessitating more frequent assessments.
  • Technological advancements have enabled sophisticated ecological momentary assessment (EMA) for real-time data collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of PROs driven by technological advancements.
  • To compare traditional methods with modern EMA techniques, including paper and electronic formats.
  • To guide researchers in selecting appropriate methodologies for their specific study objectives.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PRO assessment methods over the past 25 years.
  • Comparison of paper-based versus electronic-based data collection for EMA.
  • Analysis of cognitive heuristics affecting retrospective reporting.

Main Results:

  • Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) offers more frequent and potentially less biased symptom ratings compared to traditional methods.
  • Paper diaries face compliance challenges, while electronic platforms require technical expertise and can be costly.
  • End-of-day ratings may suffice for certain research questions, balancing intensity and feasibility.

Conclusions:

  • Investigators must understand the trade-offs between different PRO assessment methods (paper vs. electronic, intensive EMA vs. end-of-day).
  • Methodological choices should be driven by the specific research question and available resources.
  • Informed decisions on PRO methodology are crucial for valid and reliable study outcomes.