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The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Coagulation

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

Pore Size Distribution

Pore Size Distribution

In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Colloid dispersion on the pore scale.

Thomas Baumann¹, Laura Toops, Reinhard Niessner

¹Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universitt Mnchen, Marchioninistr. 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany. thomas.baumann@ch.tum.de

|January 1, 2010

Summary

Colloid dispersion in aquifers depends on various factors like flow velocity and ionic strength. This study quantifies pore-scale dispersivity, revealing its relationship with pore topology and colloid properties.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Hydrogeology
Colloid Science

Background:

Understanding contaminant spreading (dispersion) in aquifers is crucial for groundwater protection and risk assessment.
Colloid dispersion at the pore scale is influenced by flow velocity, ionic strength, colloid size, concentration, and matrix interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide quantitative data on colloid dispersion at the pore scale.
To assess the scale dependency of colloid dispersion.
To investigate the influence of pore topology on colloid transport.

Main Methods:

Transport experiments using carboxylated polystyrene microspheres (1 µm, 0.5 µm) in silicon micromodels with varying pore topologies.
Recording particle positions to generate individual colloid trajectories.
Evaluating over a thousand trajectories per experiment to determine dispersivity at flow distances from 10 to 1000 µm.

Main Results:

Pore-scale dispersivity ranged from 8-30% of flow distance in pure water, varying with pore topology heterogeneity.
Dispersivity increased with ionic strength and humic acid coating, but decreased with larger colloid size and higher flow velocity.
Experiments were conducted at high Peclet numbers, ensuring reliable transport data.

Conclusions:

The study provides quantitative data supporting theoretical frameworks for colloid transport.
Findings allow for improved parameterization of pore-scale colloid transport models.
Dispersivity is significantly influenced by pore structure, fluid chemistry, and colloid characteristics.