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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
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Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
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Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

Rotavirus vaccination one year on...

Daniel A Belshaw1, David J Muscatello, Mark J Ferson

  • 1Centre for Epidemiology and Research, NSW Department of Health, North Sydney, New South Wales. daniel.belshaw@ncahs.health.nsw.gov.au

Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
|January 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The Australian rotavirus vaccine program, started in 2007, significantly reduced rotavirus infections and gastroenteritis ED visits in young children by 2008. This suggests the vaccine is effective in protecting infants and limiting virus spread.

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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
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Published on: January 28, 2019

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Published on: April 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children globally.
  • The rotavirus vaccine was introduced into the Australian National Immunisation Program in July 2007.
  • Monitoring the vaccine's early impact on disease burden is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the early impact of the rotavirus vaccine on rotavirus disease.
  • To evaluate the vaccine's effect on the burden of gastroenteritis in young children in New South Wales.
  • To determine if infant vaccination reduces rotavirus circulation in older children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized surveillance data from New South Wales laboratories for rotavirus isolates.
  • Analyzed New South Wales Emergency Department (ED) visits for gastroenteritis-related diagnoses.
  • Prepared weekly time series data for children aged <15 months and 15 months to 5 years between 2001 and 2008.

Main Results:

  • Observed a substantial decline in laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections in 2008 compared to previous years.
  • Noted a significant reduction in gastroenteritis-related ED visits in both age groups during 2008.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests a decrease in rotavirus disease burden following vaccine introduction.

Conclusions:

  • The rotavirus vaccination program in New South Wales shows preliminary evidence of effectiveness.
  • Infant immunization against rotavirus may reduce its circulation among the wider child population.
  • Continued surveillance is important to confirm long-term vaccine impact.