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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
14:43

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Macromolecular replication during lignin biosynthesis.

Yi-Ru Chen1, Simo Sarkanen

  • 1Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Phytochemistry
|January 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lignin biosynthesis may not be random. A new template dehydropolymerization model suggests lignin chains replicate their structure via strong noncovalent interactions, challenging previous assumptions.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Lignification Dynamics in Plants with Click Chemistry: Dual Labeling is BLISS!
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Visualizing Lignification Dynamics in Plants with Click Chemistry: Dual Labeling is BLISS!

Published on: January 26, 2018

Quantitative 31P NMR Analysis of Lignins and Tannins
05:57

Quantitative 31P NMR Analysis of Lignins and Tannins

Published on: August 2, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
14:43

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Visualizing Lignification Dynamics in Plants with Click Chemistry: Dual Labeling is BLISS!
10:40

Visualizing Lignification Dynamics in Plants with Click Chemistry: Dual Labeling is BLISS!

Published on: January 26, 2018

Quantitative 31P NMR Analysis of Lignins and Tannins
05:57

Quantitative 31P NMR Analysis of Lignins and Tannins

Published on: August 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Lignins are essential structural components in vascular plant cell walls.
  • Their biosynthesis involves p-hydroxyphenylpropanoid units linked by covalent bonds.
  • The prevailing view of lignin primary structure as random is being challenged by experimental evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new working hypothesis for lignin biosynthesis.
  • To develop a detailed model for macromolecular lignin assembly.
  • To investigate the mechanism of lignin primary structure replication.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a template dehydropolymerization model.
  • Calculation of noncovalent interaction strengths between lignol radicals and a lignin template.
  • Analysis of dynamical electron correlation in pi-orbitals.

Main Results:

  • A model demonstrating lignin primary structure replication via a template mechanism.
  • Quantification of noncovalent interactions stronger than DNA base pairs.
  • Identification of electron correlation as a key factor in lignol radical placement.

Conclusions:

  • Lignin biosynthesis is likely a template-driven process, not random.
  • Noncovalent interactions play a critical role in lignin assembly.
  • This mechanism of replication differs fundamentally from other biopolymers.