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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients

Published on: April 12, 2011

Intensive care unit-acquired weakness.

Richard D Griffiths¹, Jesse B Hall

¹Pathophysiology Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. rdg@liverpool.ac.uk

Critical Care Medicine

|January 6, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intensive care unit-acquired weakness significantly hinders patient recovery. Early physical therapy, even during mechanical ventilation, shows promise for improving functional outcomes in survivors.

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Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients

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Published on: April 12, 2011

A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice

A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice

Published on: June 14, 2024

Area of Science:

Critical Care Medicine
Neurology
Muscle Physiology

Background:

Severe weakness is a recognized complication impacting recovery in patients surviving organ failure and life-support therapies.
Understanding of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) incidence, causes, prevention, and treatment remains incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current understandings of ICU-acquired weakness.
To identify strategies for improving clinical outcomes in affected patients.

Main Methods:

Literature review and an expert round-table discussion.
Convened over 20 experts in intensive care, neurology, and muscle physiology at the Brussels Round Table Conference in 2009.

Main Results:

Electrophysiological evaluation can identify peripheral neuropathies and myopathies in ICU-acquired weakness, though bedside correlation may be imprecise.
Risk factors include bed rest, sepsis, and corticosteroid exposure; weakness is linked to prolonged ventilator dependence and poor long-term outcomes.
Bedside neuromuscular assessments are feasible but can be confounded by sedation and analgesia.

Conclusions:

Further research is needed to translate physiological understanding of skeletal and diaphragm dysfunction to clinical practice.
Early physical and occupational therapy, including during mechanical ventilation, can be safely implemented and may improve functional status post-ICU.