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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
08:03

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Dynamic orientation of spin I nuclei. II.

K L Bhatia1, M L Narchal

  • 1Physics Department, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Applied Optics
|January 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the Jeffries-Abragam effect in coupled electron-nuclear spin systems. Researchers computed nuclear orientation parameters and explored conditions for stimulated emission, comparing findings to prior work.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • The Jeffries-Abragam effect describes nuclear polarization in solids.
  • Understanding electron-nuclear spin interactions is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the Jeffries-Abragam effect in a specific electron-nuclear coupled spin system (S=1/2, I=1).
  • To compute nuclear orientation parameters and their temperature dependence.
  • To investigate conditions for achieving stimulated emission.

Main Methods:

  • Population-distribution analysis of the spin system.
  • Computation of nuclear orientation parameters.
  • Examination of temperature dependence and stimulated emission conditions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed computation of nuclear orientation parameters.
  • Discussion of the temperature dependence of these parameters.
  • Identification of conditions necessary for stimulated emission.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the Jeffries-Abragam effect in the specified spin system.
  • Findings offer insights into nuclear polarization and stimulated emission mechanisms.
  • Results are validated through comparison with previous research.