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Related Concept Videos

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution01:09

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution

In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and solvents...
Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
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Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.
Chromatographic Methods: Terminology01:18

Chromatographic Methods: Terminology

Chromatography is an analytical technique widely used in fields such as chemistry, biology, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals to separate the components of a mixture and identify substances between them. The process of chromatography is based on the interactions between two distinct phases: the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase is fixed in place by a supporting material, while the mobile phase moves over it, carrying the solutes. As the mobile phase travels,...

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Characterization of adsorption processes in analytical liquid-solid chromatography.

Torgny Fornstedt1

  • 1Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 599, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden. Torgny.Fornstedt@ytbioteknik.uu.se

Journal of Chromatography. A
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PubMed
Summary

This review explores nonlinear chromatographic methods for analyzing adsorption processes in analytical systems, particularly reversed-phase liquid chromatography. It highlights combining linear and nonlinear approaches for comprehensive interaction analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • Adsorption processes are crucial in analytical chromatography.
  • Characterizing these processes requires robust methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nonlinear chromatographic methods for adsorption characterization.
  • To provide guidance for general chromatographers on nonlinear data analysis.
  • To explore the synergy between linear and nonlinear methods.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of nonlinear chromatographic techniques.
  • Review of linear methods: linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) and Snyder-Dolan hydrophobic-subtraction model.
  • Detailed treatment of nonlinear adsorption isotherm determination and data analysis tools.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear methods offer deeper insights into adsorption processes.
  • Combining linear and nonlinear methods enhances understanding of phase system interactions.
  • Practical applications and outcomes of various methods are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear chromatography is vital for accurate adsorption characterization.
  • Integrated approaches yield more complete investigations of chromatographic systems.
  • This review serves as a practical guide for chromatographers.