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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound - The Six Landmarks Approach
Published on: August 11, 2023
[Boundaries of the lung - Relationship to the gastrointestinal system]
C Teles Martins1, J Rosal Gonçalves
1Serviço de Pneumologia I, CHLN, Lisboa.
Abstract:
The relation between the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems has been long recognized and depends on various anatomical, physiological and pathological mechanisms. The certain recognition of some interactions, such as the relation between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux, is more or less intuitive to the pulmonogist, whereas other areas of confluence are more easily missed, such as the relation between airway disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. The purpose of this article is to review the interaction between the lung and the gastrointestinal systems, as far as anatomy, physiology, pathology, clinical manifestations and therapeutical options go.
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