[The operation risks and the force of preoperative management]

The aim of this article is to summarize the current actual knowledge in possibilities of examination of patients' condition before surgery with respect to development of present operation risks and of a recovery phase in increased patients' co-morbidity and age. Not only a profile of our patients has changed partially as was mentioned above, but also the new diagnostics methods, non-invasive and miniinvasive techniques have appeared, too. Also the new methods of preparation of surgical patients for surgery are arising during the last few years. They answer the previously presented points witch are established on an increased interest in the patients during the perioperative time period (ERAS-enhanced recovery after surgery/fast track). New methods appreciated an operation trauma, which has a substantial influence on the result of an operation. The most frequent risks of an operation must be presented: anaesthetic, respiratory, cardial, nutritive, thromboembolic, and other specific risks subjecting to an individual case. A knowledge of patients' functional reserve is to be necessary and all these facts must not be underestimated in preparation of an operation type, mainly in wider reconstructions of gastrointestinal tract, at severe traumatic conditions, in vascular surgery, neurosurgery, cardiosurgery, urology and pediatric surgery.