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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
08:01

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo

Published on: September 26, 2016

A rapid-scan spectrometer that sweeps corner mirrors through the spectrum.

S A Dolin1, H A Kruegle, G J Penzias

  • 1The Warner & Swasey Company, Control Instrument Division, 32-16 Downing Street, Flushing, NY 11354, USA.

Applied Optics
|January 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A novel grating spectrometer design enables rapid spectral scanning at 800 scans/sec without compromising optical quality. This advancement is limited only by detector signal-to-noise ratio, not the scanning method.

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High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis
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High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Published on: September 22, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
08:01

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo

Published on: September 26, 2016

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis
07:55

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Published on: September 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Optical Engineering
  • Instrumentation

Background:

  • Traditional grating spectrometers face limitations in scanning speed.
  • Rapid spectral acquisition is crucial for dynamic process monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid-scanning grating spectrometer without optical quality loss.
  • To achieve high scan rates for improved spectral analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a design using a sequence of corner mirrors swept through an intermediate focal plane.
  • Utilized a rotating scan wheel with 24 corner mirrors in a double-pass Czerny-Turner monochromator.
  • Integrated features for linear time/wavelength readout and broad foreoptic focus.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a scan rate of 800 spectra per second, with individual scans completed in 1 msec.
  • Demonstrated that performance is limited by detector signal-to-noise ratio, not the optical scanning technique.
  • Instrument covers the spectral region from 2500 Å to 9 µm with interchangeable gratings and detectors.

Conclusions:

  • The corner mirror sweeping technique effectively enables high-speed spectral scanning.
  • The developed instrument offers high performance and versatility for various spectroscopic applications.
  • This method overcomes previous limitations in rapid spectral acquisition for grating spectrometers.