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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
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Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo

Published on: September 26, 2016

A Rapid-Scan Spectrometer for Scanning 2000 A-15 microm in 3 sec.

H A Kruegle, S A Dolin

    Applied Optics
    |January 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new spectrometer rapidly scans broad spectral ranges (2000 Å to 15 µm) in just 3 seconds. This advanced instrument offers high-speed spectral analysis for both absorption and emission spectra.

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    Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
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    High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis
    13:31

    High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

    Published on: December 22, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Optical Engineering
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Traditional spectrometers often have limitations in scanning speed and spectral range coverage.
    • The need for rapid and versatile spectroscopic analysis is crucial in various scientific fields.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize a novel spectrometer with enhanced scanning speed and broad spectral coverage.
    • To enable simultaneous measurement of absorption and emission spectra for diverse sample types.

    Main Methods:

    • A spectrometer was constructed utilizing four plane reflectance gratings and six detectors.
    • A double-pass grating monochromator with a sweeping mirror system facilitates spectral scanning.
    • A stepper-motor-driven turret automatically selects gratings, filters, and detectors for seamless operation.

    Main Results:

    • The spectrometer achieves a full spectral scan from 2000 Å to 15 µm in 3 seconds.
    • Sub-ranges can be scanned at rates up to 160 times per second.
    • Measured resolution is better than 6 Å at 3125 Å and 0.011 µm at 3.3 µm.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed spectrometer offers a significant advancement in speed and versatility for spectroscopic measurements.
    • Its capability to alternate between absorption and emission spectra enhances its utility for analyzing hot samples.
    • The instrument provides high resolution across a wide spectral range, suitable for demanding analytical applications.