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IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology

Published on: January 21, 2015

A Littrow-McCubbin high resolution infrared spectrometer.

J Overend¹, A C Gilby, J W Russell

¹Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.

|January 9, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new vacuum infrared spectrometer achieves 0.03 cm(-1) resolution for detailed molecular analysis. This advanced instrument utilizes a 2.5-meter Littrow-McCubbin monochromator for precise measurements across a wide spectral range.

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Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Infrared technology
Instrument design

Background:

High-resolution spectroscopy is crucial for molecular identification and analysis.
Existing infrared spectrometers may have limitations in resolution or spectral range.
Advancements in optical design can lead to improved spectroscopic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the design, construction, and performance of a novel vacuum infrared spectrometer.
To demonstrate the instrument's capability for high-resolution spectral measurements.
To provide a detailed account of the spectrometer's technical specifications.

Main Methods:

The spectrometer is designed around a 2.5-meter Littrow-McCubbin monochromator.
The instrument operates in a vacuum environment to minimize atmospheric interference.
Performance was evaluated based on its resolution and effective spectral range.

Main Results:

The vacuum infrared spectrometer demonstrated a resolution of 0.03 cm(-1).
The instrument has an effective spectral range from 1 to 40 micrometers.
The design and construction were successful in achieving the targeted performance metrics.

Conclusions:

The developed vacuum infrared spectrometer offers high resolution for infrared spectral analysis.
The instrument is suitable for applications requiring precise measurements in the 1-40 micrometer range.
The detailed description facilitates potential replication and further development in spectroscopic instrumentation.