Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 17, 2026

11:09
Clarifying and Imaging Candida albicans Biofilms
Published on: March 6, 2020
A 50.83-cm focal length, f/1 catadioptric objective
1Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Norwalk,Connecticut, USA.
Applied Optics
|January 9, 2010
Summary
A new catadioptric objective lens for the U.S. Army offers a large aperture and excellent image quality in a compact design. This advanced optical system provides high performance for experimental applications.
Area of Science:
- Optical Engineering
- System Design
Background:
- Development of advanced optical systems for military applications.
- Need for compact, high-performance objectives with large apertures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and present the design of a Flügge-type catadioptric objective.
- To detail the optical and mechanical aspects of the system.
- To report on prototype testing results.
Main Methods:
- Optical design of a three-component catadioptric system.
- Mechanical design for compact packaging.
- Laboratory testing of a prototype lens.
Main Results:
- Successful development of a Flügge-type catadioptric objective.
- Achieved large aperture (50.8 cm) and effective focal length (EFL) in a compact form.
- Demonstrated high image quality over a 2.8-degree field of view.
Conclusions:
- The developed catadioptric objective meets key performance requirements for military experimental use.
- The simple three-component design yields high image quality and a large aperture.
- Prototype testing validates the optical and mechanical design's effectiveness.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy
Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

