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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
Published on: December 4, 2017
Dynamical crossover and breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in confined water and in methanol-diluted bulk
Francesco Mallamace1, Caterina Branca, Carmelo Corsaro
1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Messina and IRCCS Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, I-98166, Messina, Italy. francesco.mallamace@unime.it
Abstract:
Using nuclear magnetic resonance and quasi-elastic neutron scattering spectroscopic techniques, we obtain experimental evidence of a well-defined dynamic crossover temperature T(L) in supercooled water. We consider three different geometrical environments: (i) water confined in a nanotube (quasi-one-dimensional water), (ii) water in the first hydration layer of the lysozyme protein (quasi-two-dimensional water), and (iii) water in a mixture with methanol at a methanol molar fraction of x = 0.22 (quasi-three-dimensional water). The temperature predicted using a power law approach to analyze the bulk water viscosity in the super-Arrhenius regime defines the fragile-to-strong transition and the Stokes-Einstein relation breakdown recently observed in confined water. Our experiments show that these observed processes are independent of the system dimension d and are instead caused by the onset of an extended hydrogen-bond network that governs the dynamical properties of water as it approaches dynamic arrest.
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