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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample
Published on: March 21, 2016
Sound velocities and thermodynamic properties of water to 700 MPa and -10 to 100 degrees C
1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 183-401, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA. svance@jpl.nasa.gov
Abstract:
Sound velocities in liquid water were measured by the method of impulsive stimulated scattering in a sapphire-windowed high-pressure cell from -10 to 100 degrees C and pressures as high as 700 MPa. Velocity measurements are compared with previous experimental efforts relative to the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS-95) formulation for the equations of state. At 0 and -10 degrees C, sound velocities are in agreement with the one previously published study at sub-zero temperatures to 350 MPa. At ambient and elevated temperatures, differences between the present measurements and IAPWS-95 velocities approach 0.5% near 700 MPa. Inversion of velocity data for density yields results within IAPWS-95 uncertainties, except at the highest temperatures, where elevated sound velocity at high pressure corresponds to as much as -0.2% disagreement with IAPWS-95.
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