Feasibility of machine-based prompting to assist persons with dementia

Nearly 14% of people over age 71 have some form of dementia, with prevalence increasing to nearly 40% of those over age 90. As dimentia progresses, it impacts a person's independent functions and can increase the burden on caregivers. The use of assistive devices can help individuals with dementia live more independently. However, older individuals with cognitive impairment have difficulties using assistive technology devices because the devices are not designed to address their needs. The development of "smart devices" has potential in assisting older adults with cognitive impairment. Eleven community-dwelling seniors with moderate cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination scores ranging from 12-20) participated in this study. The Functional Independence Measure scores of participants were also collected to determine participants' current level of independence on selected tasks. Three tasks were selected to represent three levels of complexity: drinking water, brushing teeth, and upper body dressing. Participants were prompted through these tasks with simulated smart machine-based prompting. The need for prompts was highly individual, but given appropriate machine-delivered messages, participants completed the tasks an average of 86% of the time across the three self-care tasks. Machine-based prompting devices could aid caregivers as well as increase independence in some tasks.