Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The gut microbiota in adults with cystic fibrosis compared to colorectal cancer.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2023

Same author

Reflections of maternity service users and midwives' on the co-creation of interventions to support midwives addressing alcohol during antenatal care.

Patient education and counseling·2023

Same author

Significant limitations of a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to promote skin self-examination: reply from the authors.

The British journal of dermatology·2019

Same author

Effectiveness of interventions to support the early detection of skin cancer through skin self-examination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The British journal of dermatology·2018

Same author

The effects of hoarding disorder on families: an integrative review.

Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing·2013

Same author

Opticsat the naional physical laboratory.

Applied optics·2010

Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Published on: February 18, 2021

Optics in a hostile environment.

¹National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK.

|January 14, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optical methods can be protected from physical and human threats through functional apparatus design. Economic factors also influence optical instrument design and application.

More Related Videos

Anterior Segment Organ Culture Platform for Tracking Open Globe Injuries and Therapeutic Performance

Anterior Segment Organ Culture Platform for Tracking Open Globe Injuries and Therapeutic Performance

Published on: August 25, 2021

Non-aversive Animal Restraint Enabling Recording of Optomotor Reflex in Ground Squirrels

Non-aversive Animal Restraint Enabling Recording of Optomotor Reflex in Ground Squirrels

Published on: July 25, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Published on: February 18, 2021

Anterior Segment Organ Culture Platform for Tracking Open Globe Injuries and Therapeutic Performance

Anterior Segment Organ Culture Platform for Tracking Open Globe Injuries and Therapeutic Performance

Published on: August 25, 2021

Non-aversive Animal Restraint Enabling Recording of Optomotor Reflex in Ground Squirrels

Non-aversive Animal Restraint Enabling Recording of Optomotor Reflex in Ground Squirrels

Published on: July 25, 2025

Area of Science:

Optics and optical engineering
Environmental science and engineering

Background:

Optical instruments face operational challenges in hostile environments.
Environmental factors can degrade optical system performance and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

To define hostile environments for optical systems.
To outline threats from physical, human, and economic factors.
To present design strategies for optical apparatus defense.

Main Methods:

Defining environmental hostility.
Analyzing physical and human threat modes.
Illustrating functional design defenses with practical examples.
Discussing economic influences on optical instrument design.

Main Results:

Functional apparatus design can mitigate physical and human environmental threats to optical methods.
Successful practical examples of defended optical systems are provided.
Economic considerations are integral to the design process for optical instruments.

Conclusions:

Optical instrument design must proactively address environmental hostility.
Balancing performance, durability, and cost is crucial for optical engineers.