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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

[Unexplained acute pancreatitis: the microlithiasis must be searched?].

José Celso Ardengh¹, Djalma Ernesto Coelho, José Sebastião dos Santos

¹Departamento de Anatomia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo. jcelso@uol.com.br

Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro De Cirurgioes

|January 14, 2010

Summary

Unexplained acute pancreatitis often leads to recurrent episodes and increased mortality. This review highlights evidence-based diagnostic strategies to identify subtle causes like microlithiasis and biliary anomalies, improving patient outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Diagnostic Medicine

Context:

A significant number of acute pancreatitis cases remain unexplained after initial evaluations.
Unidentified etiology leads to symptomatic treatment and risks recurrent episodes, increasing morbidity and mortality.
Prompt etiological diagnosis is crucial for preventing recurrent pancreatitis.

Purpose:

To review and emphasize evidence-based diagnostic approaches for identifying difficult-to-detect causes of acute pancreatitis.
To focus on conditions such as microlithiasis, occult gallstones, biliary/pancreatic ductal variations, and Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
To guide clinicians in the diagnostic workup of unexplained acute pancreatitis.

Summary:

Standard initial workup often fails to identify the cause of acute pancreatitis in many patients.
This review advocates for advanced diagnostic methods to uncover subtle etiologies.
Investigating microlithiasis, anatomical variations, and Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is key.

Impact:

Improved diagnostic accuracy for unexplained acute pancreatitis.
Facilitation of targeted treatments to prevent recurrent pancreatitis episodes.
Potential reduction in pancreatitis-related morbidity and mortality.