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Metabolic depression: a historical perspective.

Philip C Withers1, Christine E Cooper

  • 1Department of Zoology, School of Animal Biology M092, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia. pwithers@cyllene.uwa.edu.au

Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology
|January 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periods of inactivity, like dormancy and cryptobiosis, allow organisms to survive harsh conditions by reducing metabolic rate. These states, including anhydrobiosis, osmobiosis, cryobiosis, and anoxybiosis, are crucial for survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Periods of inactivity and reduced metabolic rate have been observed in diverse organisms since antiquity.
  • Biologists have studied these phenomena, classifying them based on duration, environmental triggers, and physiological states.

Observation:

  • Inactivity ranges from brief periods to years, triggered by factors like temperature extremes or resource scarcity.
  • Cryptobiosis represents extreme inactivity with near-complete metabolic cessation, encompassing anhydrobiosis, osmobiosis, cryobiosis, and anoxybiosis.
  • Dormancy (torpor) involves moderate metabolic reduction (hypometabolism), with hibernation and aestivation as seasonal examples.

Findings:

  • In ectotherms, dormancy-related metabolic depression is intrinsic, lowering metabolic rate to 10-20% of resting levels.
  • In endotherms, torpor involves altered thermoregulation, reducing metabolic rate to <10% of normothermic levels.
  • Molecular mechanisms for intrinsic metabolic depression in ectotherms remain poorly understood.

Implications:

  • Dormancy enables species to exploit ephemeral environments and colonize otherwise unsuitable habitats.
  • The energetic and water conservation benefits of dormancy often outweigh associated costs.
  • Understanding dormancy and cryptobiosis is key to predicting species' responses to environmental change.