Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
Published on: January 28, 2020
Different profiles of the aerial start phase in front crawl
Ludovic Seifert1, Julien Vantorre, Frédéric Lemaitre
1CETAPS (EA 3832), University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France. ludovic.seifert@univ-rouen.fr
Abstract:
This study analyzed the kinematics and kinetics (jumping ability) of the aerial start phase in 11 elite front crawl sprinters. The aim was to determine whether a particular start technique leads to a short 15 m start time or whether several start profiles contribute equally well. All swimmers performed 3 starts using their preferential style, which was the grab start for all, followed by a 25-m swim at maximal velocity. Countermovement jump enabled to determine vertical jumping ability. Using a video device, phase durations, angles at takeoff and entry, and hip velocity were assessed. Correlation between all variables and the 15 m start time established the common features of an effective start but also revealed great intersubject variability. Cluster analysis enabled to distinguish 4 start profiles (flat, pike, flight, and Volkov), indicating that several individual profiles lead to short 15 m start times. It could be advised to consider the intersubject variability in relation to start time before favoring unique strategy.
Related Concept Videos
Taping Over Different Ground Profiles
Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies
Buoyancy
To get...
Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves
Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion
As the drone's propellers rotate, an upward force is generated that counteracts the force of gravity, enabling the drone to lift off from the ground. This initial movement of the drone is along a straight path, representing a form of translational motion. In this phase, every point on the drone...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

