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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
07:30

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

Using squat repetition maximum testing to determine hamstring resistance training exercise loads.

William P Ebben1, Nicholas J Long, Zach D Pawlowski

  • 1Strength and Conditioning Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy/Program in Exercise Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. webben70@hotmail.com

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
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Squat strength predicts hamstring exercise loads in male athletes, enabling personalized training. This relationship was not significant in female athletes, highlighting sex-based differences in resistance training prescription.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Strength and Conditioning

Background:

  • Understanding the relationship between compound and isolation exercises is crucial for effective training program design.
  • Sex-based differences in neuromuscular responses can influence exercise prescription and load determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the linear relationship between squat strength and various hamstring resistance exercises.
  • To determine if this relationship differs between male and female collegiate athletes.
  • To develop prediction equations for hamstring exercise loads based on squat strength.

Main Methods:

  • Determined repetition maximums for the squat and four hamstring exercises (seated leg curl, stiff leg deadlift, single leg deadlift, good morning).

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  • Included 21 male and 13 female collegiate athletes.
  • Utilized linear regression analysis to establish predictive relationships.
  • Main Results:

    • Overall, squat load significantly predicted loads for all hamstring exercises.
    • In male athletes, squat load significantly predicted loads for all four hamstring exercises (R values ranging from 0.58 to 0.82).
    • In female athletes, squat load did not significantly predict loads for any hamstring exercise.

    Conclusions:

    • Squat strength can be a useful predictor for assigning loads to hamstring assistance exercises in male athletes.
    • Prediction equations were developed for male athletes to estimate hamstring exercise loads from squat strength.
    • The predictive relationship between squat and hamstring exercises differs significantly between sexes, indicating the need for sex-specific training considerations.