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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Infrared-to-Millimeter, Broadband, Solid State Bolometer Detectors.

C Allen, F Ardms, M Wang

    Applied Optics
    |January 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New thermal detectors offer broadband infrared to millimeter wave detection at room temperature. These solid-state devices are suitable for absolute calibration, with a sensitive version achieving a noise equivalent power of 7 x 10(-10) W/Hz((1/2)).

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    Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications

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    Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
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    Published on: March 22, 2019

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    Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications
    08:21

    Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications

    Published on: May 11, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Broadband thermal detectors are crucial for various applications, including spectroscopy and remote sensing.
    • Existing detectors often require cryogenic cooling or lack amenability to absolute calibration.
    • There is a need for robust, room-temperature operating thermal detectors with high sensitivity and broad spectral response.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize two novel versions of a thermal detector.
    • To achieve broadband response across the near-infrared to millimeter wave spectrum.
    • To ensure room-temperature operation, solid-state construction, and absolute calibration capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a flake thermistor as the temperature sensing element.
    • Integrated an optimized radiation absorber with the thermistor.
    • Developed two versions: a sensitive detector and a power-measuring bolometer.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved broadband response from near-infrared to millimeter waves.
    • The sensitive detector version demonstrated a noise equivalent power (NEP) of approximately 7 x 10(-10) W/Hz((1/2)) with a 6 ms time constant.
    • The power measuring bolometer version exhibited a sensitivity of about 10(-8) W with a 3-second time constant.

    Conclusions:

    • Successfully developed room-temperature, solid-state thermal detectors with broadband capabilities.
    • The detectors are amenable to absolute calibration, offering versatility for scientific measurements.
    • The characterized performance metrics indicate suitability for demanding applications requiring sensitive and reliable thermal detection.