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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

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Preciseness of artificial intelligence for lateral cephalometric measurements.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
10:23

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

Soft tissue cephalometrics: an overdue evaluation.

Essam Nassef Seliem1, Khaled Hazem Attia, Saba Al-Hadithiy

  • 1Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

World Journal of Orthodontics
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cephalometric soft tissue linear measurements from X-rays are unreliable. Direct patient measurements are more accurate, as magnification varies, making standardized cephalometric analysis for soft tissues problematic.

More Related Videos

Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry
06:26

Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry

Published on: December 9, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
10:23

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry
06:26

Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry

Published on: December 9, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Radiology
  • Biometrics

Background:

  • Accurate cephalometric soft tissue analysis is crucial in orthodontics.
  • Conventional cephalometric radiography may introduce inaccuracies in soft tissue measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of soft tissue linear measurements from conventional cephalograms versus direct patient measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Five linear soft tissue measurements were taken directly on 11 orthodontic patients.
  • Lateral cephalograms were obtained with reference markers in place.
  • Measurements from cephalogram tracings were compared to direct measurements using statistical analysis (concordance correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient).

Main Results:

  • Soft tissue measurements derived from lateral cephalometric radiographs were found to be unreliable.
  • A consistent magnification factor cannot be applied to lateral cephalometric soft tissue measurements across all patients or even within the same patient.

Conclusions:

  • Conventional cephalometric soft tissue measurements lack reliability.
  • Direct patient measurements are recommended for accurate assessment of soft tissue facial landmarks.