Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Lessons from a 10-Year Real-World Retrospective Study.

Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma·2026

Same author

PMGen: from peptide-MHC structure prediction to peptide generation.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026

Same author

IL-33-induced ILC2 effector cytokine responses promote the expansion of red pulp macrophages.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Model-based rigid and nonrigid volumetric image registration for image-guided interventions.

International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery·2026

Same author

Homeostatic mature dendritic cells instruct fibroblast specialization via Notch2 signaling to establish T cell niches.

Immunity·2026

Same author

Selective elimination of circulating effector CD8 T cells via LTβR blockade separates anti-CD137 efficacy from toxicity.

Science advances·2026

Same journal

Tracking Synthetic Adhesins on Bacterial Surfaces with Immunofluorescence Microscopy.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Post-Selection Methods for Analyzing mRNA Display Selections and Optimization of Hits.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

High-Performance Computing in Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) Peptide Identification.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Engineering and Adapting Disulfide-Containing Proteins to Enable Intracellular Functionality.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

AI-Driven Protein Research: From Prediction to Design.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Methods for the In Vitro Selection of Protein and Peptide Libraries Using mRNA Display.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

Published on: July 25, 2022

Liposome-based vaccines.

Reto A Schwendener¹, Burkhard Ludewig, Andreas Cerny

¹Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|January 15, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Liposome vaccines effectively deliver peptide or DNA antigens, enhancing immune responses. These formulations promote direct antigen loading and dendritic cell activation for antiviral and anti-tumor immunity.

More Related Videos

Intra-lymph Node Injection of Biodegradable Polymer Particles

Intra-lymph Node Injection of Biodegradable Polymer Particles

Published on: January 2, 2014

Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination

Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination

Published on: April 29, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

Published on: July 25, 2022

Intra-lymph Node Injection of Biodegradable Polymer Particles

Intra-lymph Node Injection of Biodegradable Polymer Particles

Published on: January 2, 2014

Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination

Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination

Published on: April 29, 2015

Area of Science:

Vaccinology
Immunology
Nanotechnology

Background:

Liposomes are versatile nanocarriers for vaccine delivery.
Effective vaccine formulations require efficient antigen presentation and immune cell activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate liposome-based vaccine formulations for peptide and plasmid DNA antigens.
To assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of these liposomal vaccines in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

Preparation of liposomes encapsulating hepatitis C virus (HCV) peptides or plasmid DNA encoding lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein.
Subcutaneous and intradermal vaccination of HLA-A2 transgenic mice and LCMV model mice.
Assessment of cytotoxic T cell responses, IFN-gamma secretion, and in vivo antigen loading of dendritic cells.

Main Results:

Liposomal HCV peptide vaccines induced strong cytotoxic T cell responses in mice.
CpG oligonucleotide incorporation enhanced peptide vaccine immunogenicity, increasing IFN-gamma secreting cells.
Plasmid DNA liposomes created antigen depots for sustained dendritic cell activation and robust immune responses.

Conclusions:

Liposomal formulations are highly effective for delivering peptide and plasmid DNA vaccines.
These vaccines facilitate direct in vivo antigen loading and dendritic cell activation.
Liposomal vaccines show promise for inducing protective antiviral and anti-tumor immune responses.