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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are called the...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

Structural aspects of trans-translation.

Olga V Shpanchenko1, Andrey V Golovin, Elizaveta Y Bugaeva

  • 1Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. dontsova@genebee.msu.ru

IUBMB Life
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial trans-translation rescues stalled ribosomes by using tmRNA to replace damaged mRNA. Computer modeling revealed the tmRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Bacterial protein synthesis
  • Ribosome rescue mechanisms

Background:

  • Trans-translation is a crucial bacterial process for rescuing ribosomes stalled on damaged mRNA.
  • This process involves tmRNA, which displaces the defective mRNA and tags the nascent polypeptide for degradation.
  • Key structural elements of tmRNA and SmpB are known, but the precise molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism of bacterial trans-translation.
  • To understand the spatial organization of tmRNA within the ribosome during trans-translation.
  • To propose a mechanism for the template-switching process in trans-translation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computer modeling to simulate tmRNA behavior within the ribosome.
  • Developed a model for the spatial organization of tmRNA at various trans-translation stages.
  • Analyzed structural elements essential for resume codon determination.

Main Results:

  • Generated a model detailing tmRNA's spatial arrangement inside the ribosome.
  • The model illustrates tmRNA's role at different stages of trans-translation.
  • Provided insights into the template-switching mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Computer modeling offers a valuable approach to understanding complex molecular mechanisms like trans-translation.
  • The proposed model enhances our comprehension of how tmRNA interacts with the ribosome.
  • Further research can build upon this model to explore therapeutic targets for bacterial infections.