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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
08:06

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Published on: January 19, 2017

Reprogramming of DNA replication timing.

Yoel Shufaro1, Orly Lacham-Kaplan, Ben-Zion Tzuberi

  • 1The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cells Research Center, Goldyne-Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Department of OB & GYN, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Replication timing patterns in somatic cells are reset during reprogramming and re-established upon differentiation. This indicates that replication timing mechanisms are stable yet readily reprogrammable, unlike DNA methylation.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
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Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Published on: January 19, 2017

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
07:18

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Published on: October 27, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cellular reprogramming
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Replication timing is a key developmental regulator linked to chromosome structure and gene expression.
  • The establishment and maintenance of replication timing patterns remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding these patterns is crucial for developmental biology and regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reprogramming dynamics of replication timing patterns.
  • To determine if replication timing patterns are reset during induced pluripotency and somatic-cell nuclear transfer.
  • To compare the stability and reprogrammability of replication timing with DNA methylation.

Main Methods:

  • Somatic-cell nuclear transplantation in mice.
  • Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Analysis of replication timing across different reprogramming paradigms: stage-specific, imprinted, and random allelic asynchrony.

Main Results:

  • Somatic replication timing patterns were precisely reset at the correct developmental stage during reprogramming.
  • Replication timing patterns were successfully re-established upon re-differentiation of reprogrammed cells.
  • The study examined three distinct replication timing patterns, including imprinted regions.

Conclusions:

  • Replication timing patterns are highly dynamic and readily reprogrammable during cellular reprogramming.
  • Unlike DNA methylation, replication timing mechanisms exhibit both stability and facile reprogramming.
  • These findings offer insights into the epigenetic regulation of genome function during development and reprogramming.