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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

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Published on: August 21, 2017

Autophagy-mediated antigen processing in CD4(+) T cell tolerance and immunity.

Ludger Klein1, Christian Münz, Jan D Lünemann

  • 1Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. ludger.klein@med.lmu.de

FEBS Letters
|January 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Macroautophagy delivers antigens for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II presentation, aiding in T cell repertoire generation and innate immunity against pathogens.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Macroautophagy is a cellular process for degrading cytoplasmic components.
  • Autophagy delivers antigens for presentation on MHC class II molecules.
  • Autophagy plays a role in T cell development and innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of autophagy in antigen presentation.
  • To investigate autophagy's contribution to T cell repertoire formation.
  • To understand autophagy's function in innate immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of autophagy pathways.
  • Antigen processing and presentation studies.
  • T cell repertoire analysis in thymic epithelial cells.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy mediates antigen delivery for MHC class II presentation.
  • Autophagy in thymic epithelial cells contributes to self-MHC restriction and tolerance.
  • Upregulation of autophagy by pattern-recognition receptors enhances innate defense.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy has a dual role in immunity, linking pathogen breakdown to adaptive immune responses.
  • Autophagy is crucial for generating a self-tolerant CD4(+) T cell repertoire.
  • Autophagy enhances innate immunity against intracellular pathogens via antigen presentation.