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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Does osteocytic SOST suppression mediate PTH bone anabolism?

Ina Kramer1, Hansjoerg Keller, Olivier Leupin

  • 1Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|January 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment enhances bone formation. This review explores how osteocytes regulate sclerostin, a key inhibitor, in response to PTH, impacting bone growth.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Osteocyte function

Background:

  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) exhibits bone anabolic activity with intermittent administration.
  • PTH influences osteoblastic lineage cells, but mechanisms of bone formation promotion require further elucidation.
  • Recent findings link PTH to the suppression of SOST, the gene encoding sclerostin, a potent bone formation inhibitor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of osteocytes in PTH-induced bone formation through sclerostin regulation.
  • To examine how osteocytes, embedded within bone matrix, contribute to PTH's anabolic effects.
  • To compare and contrast the bone anabolic responses to intermittent PTH and sclerostin inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on PTH, osteocytes, and sclerostin.
  • Analysis of transcriptional regulation of SOST by PTH.
  • Comparative analysis of bone anabolic responses.

Main Results:

  • PTH administration leads to transcriptional suppression of SOST, reducing sclerostin levels.
  • Osteocytes are implicated in mediating PTH's effects on bone formation via sclerostin modulation.
  • Overlapping and distinct mechanisms exist between PTH treatment and sclerostin inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Osteocytes play a crucial role in PTH-mediated bone anabolism by regulating sclerostin.
  • Understanding the interplay between PTH, osteocytes, and sclerostin is key to developing bone anabolic therapies.
  • Further research is needed to fully delineate the shared and unique pathways of PTH and sclerostin inhibition in bone formation.