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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
09:38

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Published on: December 18, 2015

A far infrared spectrometer.

I F Silvera, G Birnbaum

    Applied Optics
    |January 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new vacuum far-infrared spectrometer was developed for detailed spectral analysis. This instrument utilizes sensitive bolometer detectors and computer processing for accurate data acquisition in the 20-1600 micrometer range.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Instrument Development

    Background:

    • Far-infrared spectroscopy requires specialized instrumentation for accurate measurements.
    • Vacuum environments are crucial for minimizing atmospheric interference in far-infrared observations.
    • Sensitive detectors are needed to capture weak far-infrared signals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and construct a moderate-resolution vacuum far-infrared spectrometer.
    • To develop a data acquisition system for computer processing of spectral data.
    • To evaluate the performance of the spectrometer, including detector noise and impurity radiation effects.

    Main Methods:

    • Construction of a moderate-resolution vacuum far-infrared spectrometer.
    • Fabrication of sensitive low-temperature bolometer detectors using doubly doped silicon.
    • Detailed analysis of the radiation filtering scheme.
    • Assessment of detector noise and impurity radiation impacts.
    • Data acquisition using a computer-compatible system.

    Main Results:

    • A functional vacuum far-infrared spectrometer with a spectral range of 20-1600 micrometers was successfully built.
    • Doubly doped silicon bolometer detectors demonstrated high sensitivity at low temperatures.
    • The radiation filtering scheme was optimized for improved signal-to-noise ratio.
    • Analysis quantified the effects of detector noise and impurity radiation on spectral accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed spectrometer is capable of accurate far-infrared spectral measurements.
    • The instrument's performance is suitable for various scientific applications requiring far-infrared analysis.
    • Understanding detector noise and impurity radiation is critical for maximizing spectral data quality.