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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Novel High-resolution In vivo Imaging Technique to Study the Dynamic Response of Intracranial Structures to Tumor Growth and Therapeutics

A Novel High-resolution In vivo Imaging Technique to Study the Dynamic Response of Intracranial Structures to Tumor Growth and Therapeutics

Published on: June 16, 2013

Tumor-derived VEGF modulates hematopoiesis.

Yuan Xue¹, Fang Chen², Danfang Zhang¹

¹Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.

Journal of Angiogenesis Research

|January 16, 2010

Summary

Tumor-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts like a hormone, stimulating blood cell production in distant organs. This finding reveals a new role for VEGF in cancer progression and host response.

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A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Novel High-resolution In vivo Imaging Technique to Study the Dynamic Response of Intracranial Structures to Tumor Growth and Therapeutics

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Published on: June 16, 2013

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

Published on: November 23, 2014

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Published on: March 15, 2016

Area of Science:

Oncology
Hematology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) drives tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
The hematopoietic activity of VEGF during cancer development is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of tumor-derived VEGF in extramedullary hematopoiesis.
To elucidate the mechanisms by which VEGF influences blood cell production in distal organs.

Main Methods:

Utilized a mouse tumor model to study VEGF's effects.
Analyzed organ changes (hepatomegaly, splenomegaly) and blood vessel characteristics.
Examined the localization of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in affected tissues.

Main Results:

Tumor-derived VEGF induced extramedullary hematopoiesis in distal organs.
Circulating VEGF caused liver and spleen enlargement due to altered vasculature and activated hematopoiesis.
VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were found predominantly in blood vessels, not in organ cells.

Conclusions:

Tumor-derived VEGF functions as an endocrine-like factor, modulating host hematopoiesis.
VEGF's influence on angiogenic profiles is a key mechanism for altering organ hematopoiesis.
This study expands the understanding of VEGF's biological functions and its role in tumor growth.