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Related Concept Videos

Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Design Example: Flow Through a Fire Extinguisher01:12

Design Example: Flow Through a Fire Extinguisher

A fire extinguisher that uses pressurized water relies on fluid dynamics principles to generate a high-velocity stream capable of suppressing flames. The water is stored at a much higher pressure inside the extinguisher than the surrounding atmosphere. This pressure difference forces the water to flow rapidly when the extinguisher is activated, and the behavior of the water as it exits the nozzle can be understood using fundamental equations of fluid dynamics.
The key to understanding how the...
Ethical Dilemmas II01:30

Ethical Dilemmas II

Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Continuous In-woods Production of Biochar Using a Trailer-Mounted Air Curtain Burner
03:42

Continuous In-woods Production of Biochar Using a Trailer-Mounted Air Curtain Burner

Published on: April 5, 2024

Double fire tragedy of kenya.

Lester Young1, Rowena Orosco, Stephen Milner

  • 1Johns Hopkins Burn Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Eplasty
|January 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Kenya experienced two major fires in 2009, highlighting inadequate disaster preparedness. The incidents led to improvised mass casualty resuscitation and emergency surgery solutions despite limited resources.

Area of Science:

  • Disaster Medicine
  • Public Health Emergencies
  • Trauma Care

Background:

  • Two catastrophic fires occurred in Kenya within days of each other in January and February 2009.
  • An urban supermarket fire in Nairobi and a rural petrol tanker explosion near Molo exposed critical gaps in disaster readiness.
  • These events underscored the need for improved local and national emergency response capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report observations from a disaster response consultation following two major fires in Kenya.
  • To analyze the contributing factors and outcomes of these large-scale emergencies.
  • To document improvised solutions for mass casualty management and emergency surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Consultation and patient care provided by a US-sponsored team from the James Jordan Foundation.

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Continuous In-woods Production of Biochar Using a Trailer-Mounted Air Curtain Burner
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Published on: April 5, 2024

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
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Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research

Published on: November 3, 2023

  • Review of medical records from Kenyatta National Hospital.
  • Interviews with government health officials and analysis of public media resources.

    • Main Results:

    • The Nairobi supermarket fire resulted in 26 immediate deaths and 20 hospital deaths.
    • The Molo petrol tanker explosion claimed 91 lives at the scene, with an additional 40 deaths among 178 hospitalized patients.
    • The combined incidents revealed significant challenges in managing mass casualties with limited resources.

    Conclusions:

    • The fires exposed critical deficiencies in Kenya's disaster preparedness and response systems.
    • Improvised methods for resuscitation and emergency surgery were developed out of necessity.
    • These events highlight the importance of robust emergency medical services and infrastructure for disaster mitigation.