Improving anticancer activities of Oplopanax horridus root bark extract by removing water-soluble components

O. horridus is used as a folk medicine by natives in the Northern Pacific coast of North America. This experiment studied the antiproliferative effects of the extract of O. horridus root bark and its fractions chromatographed from Dianion HP20 resin column with water, 30, 50, 70 and 100% ethanol on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The role of O. horridus in the cell cycle and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was also investigated. The results showed that the 70% and 100% ethanol fractions demonstrated more potent antiproliferative effects than the total extract on both cell lines. The antiproliferative effects may result from the enrichment of active constituents detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The IC(50) of the total extract, 50, 70, and 100% ethanol fractions for antiproliferation on MCF-7 cells were 248.4, 123.1, 44.0, and 31.5 microg/mL, respectively, and on NSCLC cells were 125.3, 271.1, 17.6, and 23.2 microg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the water and 30% ethanol fractions significantly promoted cell proliferation on MCF-7 cells at concentrations > 100 microg/mL, suggesting that the hydrophilic fractions should be removed from the extract when used for cancer chemoprevention in order to achieve desirable activities. The effects of the total extract on cell cycle and apoptosis were similar to that of the 100% ethanol fraction because of the similarity of their chemical composition. At higher concentrations, the apoptotic effects of the 70% ethanol fraction are more significant. Data from this study suggested that the 70% and 100% ethanol fractions are active antiproliferative fractions and that induction of apoptosis is the mechanism involved in the antiproliferative effect observed.