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Related Concept Videos

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action01:18

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists work by interacting with an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft. They can be reversible or irreversible inhibitors and have different effects on the enzyme.
Reversible inhibitors like edrophonium bind to a specific part of the enzyme called the anionic catalytic site. They form noncovalent bonds, which means they are not strongly attached to the enzyme. This creates a temporary and less stable enzyme–inhibitor complex, leading to...
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are agents that interact with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Consequently, the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases. These agonists can be classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors based on their duration of action.
Reversible inhibitors display short to medium durations of action. Short-acting agents include simple alcohols with...
Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics01:31

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists, such as synthetic choline esters and naturally occurring alkaloids, exert their effects by enhancing the actions of acetylcholine and stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system. Synthetic choline esters share structural similarities with acetylcholine. For example, they have a positively charged quaternary ammonium or onium group, contributing to their hydrophilic characteristics. As a result, they are poorly absorbed in the body through oral...
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:22

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Cholinergic agonists or cholinomimetics mimic the action of acetylcholine to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They are categorized into direct-acting and indirect-acting agents. The direct-acting cholinergic drugs induce the parasympathetic response by directly binding to the muscarinic or nicotine receptors. In comparison, the indirect-acting cholinergic drugs prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, indirectly contributing to the extended parasympathetic response.
The direct-acting...
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics01:22

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, or anticholinesterases, enhance the body's cholinergic activity by inhibiting acetylcholine's breakdown. They are categorized as reversible or irreversible agents based on their mechanism of action. They are further classified into short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting agents based on their duration of action.
Reversible agents containing quaternary amines, such as neostigmine and edrophonium, are not easily absorbed orally because they are...

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An Efficient and Rapid HPLC-QQQ-MS Method for the Quantitation of Tropane Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants
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Published on: June 12, 2026

Alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Aition.

Xiu-Jin Liu1, Mei-Ai Cao, Wen-Hai Li

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.

Fitoterapia
|January 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified novel compounds from Sophora flavescens, a traditional Chinese medicine. The study isolated a new matrine alkaloid derivative and a rare diazaindan-type alkaloid, expanding knowledge of its chemical constituents.

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An Efficient and Rapid HPLC-QQQ-MS Method for the Quantitation of Tropane Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants
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Applications of Liquid-Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Natural Products Research: Tropane Alkaloids as a Case Study
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Applications of Liquid-Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Natural Products Research: Tropane Alkaloids as a Case Study

Published on: March 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Pharmacognosy

Background:

  • Sophora flavescens is a traditional Chinese medicine known for its quinolizidine alkaloids and flavonoids.
  • Previous research has primarily focused on these known active components.
  • The chemical diversity of S. flavescens warrants further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize novel and rare alkaloids from Sophora flavescens.
  • To contribute to the understanding of the phytochemical profile of S. flavescens.
  • To support further research into the medicinal properties of S. flavescens.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of alkaloids using chromatographic techniques.
  • Structure elucidation employing various spectroscopic methods (e.g., NMR, MS).
  • Comparison with existing literature data for known compounds.

Main Results:

  • A new matrine alkaloid derivative, 9alpha-hydroxy-7,11-dehydromatrine (1), was identified.
  • A rare 1,4-diazaindan-type alkaloid, flavascensine (17), was isolated.
  • Fifteen known alkaloids were also isolated and identified from the S. flavescens extract.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified new and rare alkaloid structures from Sophora flavescens.
  • These findings expand the known phytochemical constituents of this important medicinal plant.
  • Further research can explore the bioactivity of these newly discovered compounds.