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Related Concept Videos

Testing a Claim about Standard Deviation01:19

Testing a Claim about Standard Deviation

A complete procedure to test a claim about population standard deviation or population variance is explained here.
The hypothesis testing for the claim of population standard deviation (or variance) requires the data and samples to be random and unbiased. The population distribution also must be normal. There is no specific requirement on the sample size as the estimation is based on the chi-square distribution.
As a first step, the hypothesis (null and alternative) concerning the claim about...
Numerical Calculations01:24

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In engineering applications, the representation of the numerical value is critical. Presenting or reporting the answer is one of the essential parts of engineering practices. Numerical calculations are performed using handheld calculators or computers since numerically accurate answers are always preferred.
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Related Experiment Video

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Standardisation of 85Kr.

H C Phillips1, L C Johansson, J P Sephton

  • 1National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK. hilary.phillips@npl.co.uk

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|January 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary standardization of Krypton-85 ((85)Kr) using gas proportional counting faced dilution uncertainties. Gamma-spectrometry offered a more precise method for activity measurement in this key comparison.

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Area of Science:

  • Metrology
  • Nuclear Physics
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Accurate standardization of radionuclides is crucial for international comparisons.
  • Krypton-85 ((85)Kr) requires specialized techniques due to its gaseous nature and activity levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform primary standardization of (85)Kr for a Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) key comparison.
  • To evaluate different methods for activity measurement at various levels.

Main Methods:

  • Internal gas proportional counting with a new gas-handling rig for dilutions.
  • Preparation of (85)Kr dilution ampoules (1 MBq and 6 MBq) using inactive krypton.
  • Gamma-spectrometry using High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) and Sodium Iodide (thallium-activated) [NaI(Tl)] detectors.

Main Results:

  • Dilution methods introduced significant uncertainties in the primary standardization.
  • Gamma-spectrometry provided a lower uncertainty for activity determination compared to gas proportional counting.
  • Results from all employed methods were consistent within their measurement uncertainties.

Conclusions:

  • Gamma-spectrometry is a more suitable method for precise (85)Kr activity measurement at these levels.
  • Further development of dilution techniques may be needed for primary gas counting methods.
  • The study confirmed consistency across different measurement techniques for (85)Kr standardization.