Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electroencephalography Microstate Instability and Clinical Outcomes in Individuals at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis.

JAMA psychiatry·2026
Same author

Biophysical Modeling of Excitation/Inhibition Balance and Conversion to Psychosis in the Clinical High Risk Syndrome.

Biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Cognition and Electrophysiology Clustering in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Delineates Distinct Dimensions of Heterogeneity: Implications for Multimodal Clustering.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Visual P300 and Risk for Psychosis Onset in Youth at Clinical High Risk.

Biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Evaluating contributions of neuropsychological, psychiatric, and inflammatory processes to the expression of cognitive symptoms in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026
Same author

Theta Oscillations Assessed From a Passive Auditory Oddball Paradigm in Individuals at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis and Healthy Control Individuals: Associations with Clinical Outcomes and Mismatch Negativity.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization
12:00

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization

Published on: November 19, 2014

Memory profiles in schizophrenia: categorization validity and stability.

Morris D Bell1, Jason K Johannesen, Tamasine C Greig

  • 1VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Psychology Service, West Haven CT 06516, United States. morris.bell@yale.edu

Schizophrenia Research
|January 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia patients show distinct memory profiles: nearly normal, subcortical, and cortical impairments. Simple classification rules derived from these profiles demonstrate validity and stability over 12 months, aiding future research.

More Related Videos

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization
12:00

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization

Published on: November 19, 2014

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Previous research identified distinct memory profiles in schizophrenia: nearly normal (NN), subcortical impairment (Sub), and cortical impairment (Cort).
  • Cluster analysis has been a common technique for identifying these memory profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform K-means cluster analysis on Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-R scores.
  • To develop and validate simple classification rules for memory profiles.
  • To examine demographic, neurocognitive, and social cognitive differences between classified groups.
  • To assess the 12-month stability of these classifications.

Main Methods:

  • 151 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were assessed at intake and 12 months.
  • K-means cluster analysis was applied to Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-R scores.
  • Classification rules were developed and compared against cluster analysis results.

Main Results:

  • Cluster analysis identified three subgroups consistent with expected memory profiles.
  • Rationally derived classification rules achieved 90% agreement with cluster groups.
  • Significant differences were found in neurocognitive and social cognitive domains between groups (NN > Cort, NN > Sub).
  • Verbal working memory differed between Sub and Cort groups.
  • Classification stability at 12 months was fair (65% agreement), with good specificity for the NN group (82.4%).

Conclusions:

  • The study supports the validity and 12-month stability of distinct memory profiles in schizophrenia.
  • Developed classification rules are practical for use in neuroimaging and other research.
  • Findings suggest verbal memory heterogeneity is a significant factor in schizophrenia.