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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae
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Published on: June 29, 2021

Upper respiratory infection: helpful steps for physicians.

John W O'Kane1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-4060, USA. jokane@u.washington.edu.

The Physician and Sportsmedicine
|January 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are common in adults, especially athletes. Most viral URIs resolve within 10 days with supportive care, allowing athletes to return to play quickly.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are highly prevalent in the adult population.
  • Athletes may exhibit varying susceptibility to URIs influenced by training intensity.
  • Most URIs are self-limiting viral infections requiring symptomatic management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation and management of URIs in adults.
  • To provide guidance on differentiating viral URIs from bacterial infections like pharyngitis, mononucleosis, and sinusitis.
  • To inform return-to-play decisions for athletes experiencing URIs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of URIs in adults and athletes.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for common URI-related conditions.

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  • Synthesis of treatment guidelines and return-to-play protocols.

    • Main Results:

    • The majority of URIs in adults are viral and resolve within 7–10 days with symptomatic treatment.
    • Prompt recognition of bacterial pharyngitis, infectious mononucleosis, and sinusitis is crucial for appropriate management.
    • Most athletes with viral URIs experience minimal disruption to training and competition.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of URIs in adults, particularly athletes, relies on accurate diagnosis and timely symptomatic treatment.
    • Distinguishing viral URIs from more serious bacterial infections ensures appropriate medical intervention.
    • Physicians play a key role in guiding athletes on safe return-to-play following URIs.