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A laser tracking and ranging system.

G Ammon, S Russell

    Applied Optics
    |January 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    NASA developed a pulsed optical radar system to track astronauts on the Moon. This compact, accurate system uses a laser and retroreflector for precise positioning up to 700m.

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    Area of Science:

    • Space exploration technology
    • Optical engineering
    • Astronaut safety systems

    Background:

    • Conventional radio frequency (RF) radars require large, complex systems.
    • Precise astronaut positioning is crucial for lunar surface operations.
    • Existing tracking systems may lack the required compactness and accuracy for lunar missions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a compact, rugged, and lightweight pulsed optical radar for NASA.
    • To enable continuous monitoring of an astronaut's position on the lunar surface.
    • To achieve high range and angular accuracy for astronaut tracking.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed an engineering model of a pulsed optical radar system.
    • Utilized a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) injection laser as the light source.
    • Incorporated a small retroreflector as the cooperative target.
    • Employed a silicon photodiode for the receiver system.

    Main Results:

    • The system achieves a range accuracy of +/-1 meter up to 700 meters.
    • Angular accuracy is measured at +/-1 milliradian (mrad).
    • The system successfully directs a TV camera at the astronaut.

    Conclusions:

    • The pulsed optical radar offers a viable alternative to conventional RF radars for lunar applications.
    • The developed system is compact, lightweight, and power-efficient.
    • High accuracy in range and angular measurements is demonstrated for astronaut tracking.