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Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical field in...
Graphs of Polar Equations01:17

Graphs of Polar Equations

The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)01:12

Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)

Polarography is a classical voltammetric technique used to analyze electrochemical reactions. This method applies a linear potential sweep to a dropping mercury electrode (DME), and the resulting current is measured. A dropping mercury electrode is commonly used as the working electrode in polarography. It consists of a capillary tube filled with mercury, where the tiny droplet forms at the tip. This droplet continuously drops from the capillary, creating a new electrode surface for each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
08:01

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Polarization properties of a grating spectrograph.

J B Breckinridge

    Applied Optics
    |January 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Spectrograph polarization significantly impacts photometric accuracy, causing errors due to varying transmissivity. Understanding these polarization properties is crucial for precise solar spectrum measurements.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Solar astronomy
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Spectrographs are essential tools for analyzing light.
    • Polarization properties of optical instruments can introduce errors.
    • The McMath solar telescope's spectrograph requires evaluation for polarization effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the polarization properties of the 13.7-m Czerny-Turner spectrograph.
    • To quantify spectrograph transmissivity variations with incident light polarization.
    • To identify mechanisms causing spectrograph polarizance and their impact on solar measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Photoelectric measurement of transmissivity ratio (I ||/I perpendicular) across wavelengths and diffraction orders.
    • Analysis of spectrograph polarizance mechanisms, including Rayleigh/Wood's anomalies and vector wave interactions.

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    Published on: November 21, 2019

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  • Solar spectrum scans across Wood's anomalies to profile their characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • Transmissivity ratio (I ||/I perpendicular) varied significantly (0.3 to 20) with wavelength and diffraction order.
    • Spectrograph polarizance was attributed to Wood's anomalies and vector wave interactions.
    • A formula, lambda(p) = 0.7d costheta, was derived for peak polarizance wavelength (lambda(p)) when lambda > groove depth.

    Conclusions:

    • Spectrograph polarization can lead to substantial photometric and radiometric errors.
    • Understanding and accounting for polarization effects are vital for accurate solar spectral analysis.
    • The findings are applicable to other spectrographic instruments with similar characteristics.