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Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...

Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers

Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers

In certain scenarios, in vitro dissolution tests can replace in vivo bioequivalence studies. This is particularly true when a drug product, though available in varying strengths, maintains proportional similarity in its active and inactive ingredients. In such cases, the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies for lower strength variants may be waived, provided dissolution tests and in vivo studies on the highest strength yield satisfactory results.Bioequivalence can be indicated through...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Gateways to clinical trials.

A Tomillero, M A Moral

Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology

|January 23, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a comprehensive list of pharmaceutical agents, including small molecules, biologics, and vaccines, for various therapeutic areas. The findings offer a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians in drug discovery and development.

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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

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Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Drug Discovery and Development
Medicinal Chemistry

Context:

The landscape of pharmaceutical agents is rapidly evolving.
A systematic compilation of diverse drug classes is essential for understanding current therapeutic options.
This abstract provides an overview of numerous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) across different categories.

Purpose:

To catalog a wide array of pharmaceutical agents currently in use or under investigation.
To serve as a reference for drug development professionals.
To highlight the breadth of therapeutic modalities available.

Summary:

The provided list encompasses small molecule drugs, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, and vaccines.
It includes agents targeting infectious diseases, cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological disorders.
Notable examples include Abacavir sulfate/lamivudine, Adalimumab, Apixaban, Bortezomib, and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

Impact:

Facilitates efficient literature searches and comparative analyses of drug candidates.
Supports the identification of potential drug repurposing opportunities.
Aids in the strategic planning of research and development pipelines.