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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
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In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

Somatostatin receptor subtype expression in human thyroid tumours.

A Klagge1, K Krause, K Schierle

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Metabolisme
|January 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are widely expressed in thyroid tumors, with SSTR2 and SSTR5 being predominant. This suggests potential for SSTR-targeted diagnostics and therapies in thyroid cancer.

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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are present in endocrine tumors, enabling diagnostic imaging and therapy with radiolabeled analogs.
  • Most current somatostatin analogs target the SSTR2 subtype.
  • The expression patterns of SSTR subtypes 1-5 in thyroid epithelial tumors are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mRNA expression of SSTR subtypes 1-5 in various benign and malignant thyroid epithelial tumors.
  • To compare SSTR expression in tumors with normal surrounding thyroid tissue.
  • To determine the potential of SSTRs as targets for diagnostics and therapy in thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated mRNA expression of SSTR1-5 using quantitative methods.
  • Analyzed samples from 20 cold thyroid nodules (CTNs), 20 toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs), 20 papillary (PTCs), 20 follicular (FTCs), and 5 anaplastic carcinomas (ATCs).
  • Compared tumor SSTR expression to matched normal thyroid tissues.

Main Results:

  • SSTR subtypes 1-5 were detected in malignant and benign thyroid tumors, as well as normal tissues.
  • SSTR2 and SSTR5 showed predominant expression, with weaker SSTR1 and SSTR3 expression.
  • SSTR2 was significantly upregulated in PTC and ATC compared to normal tissue; SSTR3 was upregulated in PTC; SSTR5 was increased in PTC and FTC but decreased in CTN and TTN.

Conclusions:

  • SSTR2 is the predominant subtype in thyroid epithelial tumors, particularly papillary carcinomas.
  • The distinct expression patterns of SSTR subtypes in thyroid tumors offer potential for developing somatostatin analog-based diagnostics and therapies, especially for advanced thyroid cancer.