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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
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Nursing Clinical Information System

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Bedside, Single Burr Hole Approach to Multimodality Monitoring in Severe Brain Injury
06:18

A Bedside, Single Burr Hole Approach to Multimodality Monitoring in Severe Brain Injury

Published on: March 26, 2019

Neurointensive care.

J K Ralph1, T Lowes

  • 116 Close Medical Regiment, Merville Barracks, Colchester Essex. jamesralph4@hotmail.com

Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
|January 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Military Intensive Care units primarily treat Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Management focuses on preventing secondary brain injury, but a key dilemma involves measuring Intracranial Pressure in deployed settings.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Bedside, Single Burr Hole Approach to Multimodality Monitoring in Severe Brain Injury
06:18

A Bedside, Single Burr Hole Approach to Multimodality Monitoring in Severe Brain Injury

Published on: March 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Military Medicine
  • Intensive Care

Background:

  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of neurological admissions in military Intensive Care.
  • TBI can be penetrating (fragmentation, missiles) or blunt (blast, impact).
  • Secondary brain injury prevention (hypoxia, hypotension, low CPP) is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the dilemma of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) monitoring in severe TBI patients within deployed military settings.
  • To evaluate the feasibility and necessity of ICP measurement in austere environments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current Intensive Care management protocols for TBI.
  • Analysis of evidence-based guidelines from the Brain Trauma Foundation.
  • Discussion of the challenges and considerations for ICP monitoring in deployed scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Current TBI management in Intensive Care emphasizes preventing secondary insults.
  • Evidence-based guidelines support ICP monitoring for severe TBI.
  • Significant challenges exist in implementing ICP monitoring in deployed military settings.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal approach to Intracranial Pressure monitoring for severe TBI in deployed military settings remains a critical question for UK military intensivists.
  • Further evaluation is needed to determine the most appropriate ICP measurement techniques for austere environments.