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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities
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Published on: February 20, 2021

Advances in radiation therapy dosimetry.

Bhudatt Paliwal1, Dinesh Tewatia

  • 1University of Wisconsin Radiation Oncology Physics 600 Highland Ave., K4/B100 - 0600 Madison, USA.

Journal of Medical Physics
|January 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

New radiation therapy tools like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) offer better patient care but introduce dosimetry challenges. This study reviews verification tools and motion management techniques for improved radiation therapy delivery.

Keywords:
4DCTDosimetrymotion-adaptive optimization

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Technology

Background:

  • Rapid advancements in radiation therapy planning and delivery tools over the past decade.
  • Transition from conventional 3D conformal radiation therapy to intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).
  • Emergence of motion-adaptive radiation therapy techniques presenting new challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of dosimetry verification tools in advanced radiation therapy.
  • To discuss challenges associated with temporal dimensions in IMRT and motion management.
  • To focus on breath holding, respiratory gating, and 4D CT applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current dosimetry verification tools for radiation therapy.
  • Discussion of motion management strategies including breath holding and respiratory gating.
  • Exploration of four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) in motion management.

Main Results:

  • Advanced radiation therapy techniques, including IMRT, require rigorous dosimetry and delivery verification.
  • Temporal challenges in IMRT necessitate sophisticated motion management strategies.
  • Mis-administrations in advanced techniques are harder to detect, potentially impacting patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective implementation of advanced radiation therapy requires robust quality assurance.
  • Motion management techniques are crucial for accurate dosimetry and delivery in adaptive radiotherapy.
  • Further research and development in verification tools and motion management are essential.